To be an effective Marine Mammal Observer (MMO) and/or Passive Acoustic Monitoring (PAM) operator, certain knowledge and skills are required, including background knowledge of marine mammals and an ability to estimate range and bearing to a sighting. The Marine Mammal Observer and Passive Acoustic Monitoring Handbook explains everything in detail, but provided here are brief how-to guides for some essential skills, and regional distribution tables of marine, aquatic and semi-aquatic mammal species and sub-species.
